Canker sores develop inside the mouth when the soft tissue breaks down, creating painful ulcers that typically last one to two weeks. Dentists recommend several approaches to speed healing and reduce discomfort during this period.
Topical treatments work directly on the sore. Over-the-counter products containing benzocaine or hydrogen peroxide numb pain and fight bacteria. Applying these treatments three to four times daily, particularly after meals, offers the best results. Antimicrobial mouth rinses also help prevent secondary infections that can delay healing.
Home remedies provide accessible relief options. Salt water rinses, made with half a teaspoon of salt in warm water, reduce inflammation and kill bacteria naturally. Applying ice directly to the sore numbs the area temporarily. Some people find success with milk of magnesia, which coats the sore and creates a protective barrier against irritation from food and drinks.
Dietary adjustments matter during healing. Avoid spicy, acidic, or rough-textured foods that irritate the sore further. Citrus fruits, tomatoes, pineapple, and hot peppers trigger more pain. Stick with soft foods like yogurt, soup, mashed potatoes, and smoothies. Drinking through a straw keeps beverages away from the affected area.
Oral hygiene remains important but requires care. Use a soft-bristled toothbrush and be gentle around the sore. Some dentists recommend using an antimicrobial mouthwash instead of brushing near the ulcer temporarily.
Certain canker sores warrant professional attention. Sores larger than one centimeter, sores lasting more than three weeks, or clusters of multiple sores may indicate underlying conditions. People with frequent canker sores should consult a dentist, as recurring ulcers sometimes relate to nutritional deficiencies