# What to do if you think someone has heat exhaustion or heatstroke
Heat exhaustion and heatstroke represent two distinct emergencies on a spectrum of heat-related illness. Recognizing the difference between them can save lives during extreme temperatures.
Heat exhaustion occurs when the body loses too much salt and water through sweating. Symptoms include heavy sweating, weakness, dizziness, nausea, headache, and muscle cramps. A person's skin may feel clammy and their body temperature rises above normal but stays below 104 degrees Fahrenheit (40 degrees Celsius). This condition requires immediate action but is reversible with proper first aid.
If someone shows heat exhaustion symptoms, move them to a cool place immediately. Have them lie down with their legs elevated. Apply cool water to their skin or immerse them in cool water if possible. Give them water or an electrolyte drink to sip slowly. Cool, wet cloths applied to the neck, armpits, and groin area where major blood vessels run near the skin work well. These steps can prevent progression to heatstroke.
Heatstroke is a medical emergency. The body's cooling system fails completely. Core body temperature exceeds 104 degrees Fahrenheit (40 degrees Celsius). Symptoms include confusion, altered mental state, hot dry skin instead of sweating, seizures, or loss of consciousness. Some people may stop sweating altogether.
Call emergency services immediately if heatstroke is suspected. While waiting, cool the person aggressively using any available method. Ice packs placed on the neck, armpits, and groin help rapidly. Immersion in cold water works if available. Continue cooling efforts until emergency responders arrive.
Children, older adults, people with chronic conditions, and those taking certain medications face higher risk. Pregnant women also need