# How to Recognize and Respond to Heat-Related Illness
Heat exhaustion and heatstroke represent two stages of a dangerous continuum. Heat exhaustion develops first and can progress rapidly to heatstroke, a life-threatening emergency that damages the body's organs.
Heat exhaustion symptoms include heavy sweating, weakness, dizziness, nausea, headache, and muscle cramps. Body temperature may rise above normal but stays below 104 degrees Fahrenheit (40 degrees Celsius). The person remains conscious and aware.
Heatstroke arrives when the body's cooling system fails completely. The person stops sweating despite extreme heat. Confusion, loss of consciousness, seizures, and rapid heart rate follow. Body temperature exceeds 104 degrees Fahrenheit. Without immediate treatment, heatstroke causes permanent organ damage or death.
If you suspect heat exhaustion, move the person to a cool place immediately. Have them lie down with legs elevated to improve blood flow to the brain. Remove excess clothing. Apply cool, wet cloths to skin or immerse them in cool water if possible. Give them water to drink if conscious. Symptoms typically improve within 30 minutes of cooling.
Heatstroke demands emergency action. Call emergency services right away. Move the person to a cool location and begin cooling measures immediately while waiting for help. Apply ice packs to the neck, armpits, and groin where major blood vessels run close to the skin. Immerse them in cool water if possible. Do not give them anything to drink if they're confused or unconscious.
Prevention matters greatly. Drink water regularly on hot days, even if you don't feel thirsty. Avoid peak heat hours between 11 a.m. and 3 p.m. Wear light-colored, loose clothing and a hat. Check on