What are UV levels and how can you protect yourself?

# What Are UV Levels and How Can You Protect Yourself?

Your skin needs some ultraviolet radiation to produce vitamin D and support bone health, but excessive exposure carries serious consequences. The BBC Health article breaks down UV levels and practical protection strategies.

UV radiation comes in three types: UVA, UVB, and UVC. UVC gets absorbed by the atmosphere, so it doesn't reach Earth. UVA and UVB both penetrate skin and cause damage. UVB rays burn the outer skin layer directly. UVA rays penetrate deeper, breaking down collagen and elastin over time. Both contribute to melanoma and other skin cancers.

UV index scales measure exposure intensity on any given day, typically ranging from 0 to 11 or higher. A reading of 0-2 is low risk. Readings of 3-5 represent moderate risk. Values of 6-7 are high. Anything 8 or above requires maximum protection. The index changes based on season, time of day, latitude, altitude, and cloud cover.

Peak UV exposure happens between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m., particularly during summer months. Even on cloudy days, 80 percent of UV rays penetrate clouds, so protection matters year-round.

Effective protection combines multiple strategies. Broad-spectrum sunscreen with SPF 30 or higher blocks both UVA and UVB rays. Apply generously—most people use too little. Seek shade during peak hours when possible. Wear protective clothing, including UPF-rated fabrics designed to block ultraviolet radiation. Wide-brimmed hats protect your face, scalp, and neck. Sunglasses with UV protection guard your eyes and surrounding skin.

Vitamin D remains obtainable through brief sun exposure, typically