The CDC reports a parasitic outbreak spreading across 17 states, with cases of cyclosporiasis rising sharply this year. The parasite Cyclospora cayetanensis causes severe gastrointestinal illness, commonly called "explosive diarrhea" due to its sudden onset and watery symptoms.
Health officials traced many 2024 cases to contaminated fresh produce, particularly cilantro and pre-packaged salads. The parasite spreads through water contaminated with human feces, making food safety practices essential during outbreak periods. Infected individuals shed millions of oocysts in their stool, contaminating produce during harvesting, processing, or preparation.
Symptoms emerge 7 to 10 days after exposure and include persistent diarrhea, abdominal cramping, nausea, and fatigue. Unlike bacterial foodborne illnesses, cyclosporiasis requires specific medical treatment. Doctors prescribe trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX), an antibiotic combination that clears the infection in days. Untreated infections can last weeks, causing severe dehydration and weight loss.
The CDC recommends several prevention strategies. Thoroughly wash produce under running water before eating or cooking, even pre-packaged items labeled "pre-washed." Heating produce to 160 degrees Fahrenheit kills the parasite. Travelers to endemic regions should avoid tap water and raw vegetables in high-risk areas. Healthcare workers should recognize cyclosporiasis symptoms early and test stool samples when patients report prolonged diarrhea after eating raw produce.
People with weakened immune systems face heightened risk of severe illness. Pregnant women and elderly individuals should consult doctors before consuming raw produce during outbreaks in their areas.
Most cases resolve within weeks with treatment, but health experts stress early diagnosis prevents complications.